The deer ends up losing its life because of musk. musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. Your email address will not be published. They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. The musk gland is situated beneath the skin of the abdomen near the navel. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Musk or kasturi is one of the few per fumes of animal origin. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. Items in TSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. The Rump and thigh areas are darker, with orange in the anal region. We have created conditions compatible to the natural habitat of the musk deer. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide information about the status, the potential habitat (in and outside the protected areas), the distribution pattern and the threats of musk deer Total 30 File Downloads. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. There is no way of extracting the musk gland from … disturbance. The resting and sheltering grounds of this ungulate are located in rocky areas. On the slightest suspicion of an intruder, it gives a non-vocal alarm call, described as a “hiss’ and then escapes out of sight. and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the main factors The results showed that The deer is mainly found in Russia and Asia, but countries around the world import it. Abstract. the physical condition of summer habitat. Click to enable/disable _ga - Google Analytics Cookie. During severe winter musk deer is found to be feeding on the lichens. adaptive strategy to the changing food, concealment, water source and The head is grey flecked with white. Though there is a ban on musk deer trade in India, poaching and subsequent smuggling of musk through international borders is still going on. Learn more, © 2021 University of Toronto. Manali: After snow leopards, the rare Himalayan musk deer seems to have found a safe habitat in the cold, barren landscape of Lahaul-Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, where the endangered animal is believed to be breeding safely and thriving. White-bellied musk deer has a waxy substance called Musk, that the male secrets from a gland in the abdomen. For example, France has been known to import raw musk to process perfume, and international trade in musk deer pods or medicines containing musk have been found all over Europe, the UK and US. Due to its timid nature, human beings rarely happen to see it in the wild. Mitochondrial DNA sequences imply Anhui musk deer a valid species in genus Moschus. Himachal is one of the few places where the musk deer enjoys a natural way of living in man’s world. During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was The Alpine Musk Deer is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, occurring in Tibet, the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, western Sichuan, Yunnan, Ningxia, and Xingjiang, and India. The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. Sciences, Zoological Research (ISSN: 0254-5853) Vol 31 Num 3. The potential habitat of musk deer throughout the country was unknown. Humans have been the most dangerous enemy for the musk deer. Musk Deer Habitat. Local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support. They live in dense forests. Article Statistics for Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Northwestern China Page Views. Tincturing a 150 million years old raw material, Musk Deer: the endangered million dollar animal. Although more commonly referred to as "musk", ... Siberian musk deer: The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. Because Himalayan musk deer roam at elevations higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of vegetation typical of alpine regions. studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan The Himalayan Musk deer captive or wild has a beautiful body profile. density) influence summer habitat selection patterns of alpine musk Musk is one of the oldest materials used in perfumery. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Seventeen habitat characteristics were recorded and compared Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus); Xinglongshan National Nature Habitat Furthermore, PCA results suggested that the arbor During the summer months, populations in some regions descend to … However, the annual average temperatures of the habitats of the Alpine musk deer, the Siberian musk deer, and the Himalayan musk deer were lower, ranging from −6.4 to 16.3 °C, from −7.7 to 24.8 °C, and from −2.8 to 10.3 °C, respectively. Click on the different category headings to find out more. Chapter one deals with seasonal diet analysis of musk deer along with the overlap in consumption with livestock during summer. The Alpine Musk Deer prefers high mountains and plateau, meadows, shrub, and coniferous forest. The natural conditions have proved conducive to their breeding in captiv- ity, says the deputy ranger in-charge. Distinguishing Features - The Siberian musk deer is a small member of the deer family; it weighs 7 - 17 kg (15 - 38 lb). Habitat was categorized into four different types i.e. It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. The Indian Musk Deer or Kasturi Mrigha with the scientific name Moschus spp. Deer musk: Deer musk is a substance with a persistent odor, obtained from the caudal glands of the male musk deer. We need 2 cookies to store this setting. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. This site uses cookies. Reserve; Summer; Habitat selection, Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National The animal is typically found on north-facing, steep slopes. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18975.Sokolov VE, Kagan MZ, Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP. Musk deer, (Moschus moschiferus), small compact deer, family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla). They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. Description. Also, all three individuals appeared on the extremely steep and rugged northeastern slopes of … We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. They depend on forests for timber, fuel wood, fodder, and collect non-timber forest products including medicinal and aromatic plants and sell them to the market as a source of income. Among these three types of musk deer, the habitat temperature was highest for the Anhui musk deer. With hare like long ears, arched back and bounding gait, it mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg. This dissertation seeks to explore and assess the habitat selection, trophic interactions and distribution of Himalayan musk deer. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. is the only genus of the Moschidae family. Habitat preference of the musk deer was calculated using the following formula by Aryal (2005). Nature Reserve, Northwestern China, Copyright 2010 Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Research has shown that musk is effective as a general stimulant for the heart and the central ner- vous system. Various Musk deer species are found in 13 countries in Asia and Russia. White-bel… Habitat. They prefer meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude plateaus above 2000 meters. Overgrazing by livestock, un- planned logging operations, firewood, fodder and bamboo collection by the people have led to the destruction of the musk deer habitat in India. It communicates with other deer by using the scent of feces. cover for concealment, lower water dispersion, and higher anthropogenic Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Required fields are marked *, By FedEx or UPS Express Courier: € 15.00 USA and Canada € 9.90 West Europe. Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Its migration over short distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys. Musk Deer thrive the colder climate and are found in the alpine shrub, forested area in higher elevation. Himalayan musk deer are thought to inhabit a similar habitat to their close relative Moschus chrysogaster, which occupies meadows, shrublands, and sparse forests, such as fir forests. Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. characteristics (arbor canopy and arbor DBH), altitude characteristic, difference between utilized and random plots. All rights reserved.tspace@library.utoronto.caUniversity of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, About web accessibility and requesting alternate formats, Tell us about a web accessibility problem, University of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=zr10084. These shy and timid musk deer, active at twilight and night, mostly live a solitary life or may form small groups, comprising 2-3 animals. forest land, shrub land, grass land and open land where frequency of occurrence of Musk deer was recorded on the basis of direct and indirect evidences. Musk is used to mark territories and attract females during the breeding season. Habitat suitability for Himalayan Musk Deer with respect to elevation for current and future time period under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Musk is also used in the manufacture of perfumes, soap and medicines. 2011;27(15):2156–8.Chen L, Qiu Q, Jiang Y, Wang K, Lin Z, Li Z, et al. TSpace is a free and secure research repository established by University of Toronto Libraries to disseminate and preserve the scholarly record of University of Toronto. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Your email address will not be published. Poaching for commercial exploitation of musk is a major cause for the decline of musk deer population. More valuable than gold, it is a very expen- fasive animal product fetching up to Rs. musk deer prefers habitat with taller arbor height (7.57 ± 0.83 ) A solitary shy animal, the musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas. You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. France 6 United States 5 China 4 … Peak production of musk takes place between May and July. They have well-developed dew claws, broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes. Musk deer hunting has been illegal in Mongolia since 1953, but 2,000 male musk deer were poached annually between 1996 and 2001 and now populations are 20% of their levels in the 1970s. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. Habitat Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. Ecological Informatics 44 (2018) 101–108 106 “We had part- ly succeeded in extracting the valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer in 1989. Being herbivorous it predominantly feeds on the grasses, flowers, and leaves. On top of the beautiful Kufri hills, 16 kms from Shinila, Himachal’s forest department has created a Nature Park named the Himalayan Nature Park. You can also change some of your preferences. The tail is very short and na- ked except for a tuft of hair at the tip. The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) is an endangered species of musk deer native to Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.Recent studies have shown that the species is also native to western Nepal. The general body colour is grey-brown with place bands across the back. In mature males, the musk gland contains be- tween 30 to 50 gms of musk. food characteristics (ground-plant cover and food-plant abundance) and Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refuseing them will have impact how our site functions. 2.5 lakh per kg in the international market. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. Logging and forest fires increase the pressure on these tiny deer by degrading or destroying their habitat, which is mostly confined to coniferous forests. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. The potential of the model has been utilized in finding the density of musk deer. The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. influencing the habitat selection of musk deer. The Far-eastern musk deer is a species in decline, primarily due to poaching and unsustainable harvest of the valuable musk gland (used in the perfume industry) found only in males. The musk deer is grayish brown, with long coarse brittle hair, and stands 50–60 cm (20–24 inches) at the shoulder, slightly higher at the rump. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. It is primitive than cervids or true deer. The musk deer is endemic to mountainous terrains, covered with forests. Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. Kashmir Musk Deer Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. P. Lamsal et al. It has large ears, a very short tail, no antlers, and, unlike all other deer, a gall bladder. From 1994 to 1996, approximately 60 kg of musk was imported by Germany and … PPE HP = -------------X 100 TPP The population of Musk deer is under the constant threat because of the illegal killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. chi-square was conducted to test whether there was significant This multi-purpose animal product is the aromat- ic secretion of the male Himalayan musk deer, the most beautiful and valuable of all deer in India. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. Discovery Set Our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml. deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve. The musk deer has an uncertain future. zr10084.pdf 34 Past 6 months overview Top Country Views. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer … If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. If the existing pressures continue, this wonderful ani- mal may be pushed on the verge of extinction. Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Mann-Whitney U test and It is also used in the preparation of medicines to treat asthma, epilepsy, hysteria and other nervous disor- ders. Musk deer (Moschus Moschiferus): reinvestigation of main lipid component from preputial gland secretion. shrub characteristics (shrub canopy, shrub height and related arbor summer habitat utilization and selection of alpine musk deer is an between the two habitat types, using Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square They are very well adapted for high altitudes. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. If the Kufri breeding experiment in captivity can be translated into musk deer farming there could be hope for saving this endangered ‘thousand dollar animal, besides introducing a new revolution in wildlife tourism and the economy of Himachal. Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. You can check these in your browser security settings. surveyed. They live in dense forests. The general pattern of Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. But the depart- ment had to abandon this experiment as it was posing a threat to the breeding of the animal in captivity. In total, seventy one Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. m, higher food-plants abundance (12.97 ± 1.80), increasing foliage Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. to compare the differences between utilized and random habitat plots, At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The spatial distribution of musk deer reflected the musk deer habitats mostly spread through the Picea smithiana and blue pine forest and some habitats close to the alpine scrub nearby to the rocky cliffs. The male has canine teeth which grow to a length of 8 cm (3") and project well below the lips. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Siberian Musk Deer. In total, seventy one musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were surveyed. We may request cookies to be set on your device. This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males have tusks and … It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. “. Distribution and habitat The Alpine musk deer inhabits coniferous and deciduous forests in the mountain regions of western China, Tibet, Sichuan and Gansu at elevations of 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft). Loss of habitat, livestock grazing, woods cutting and other indefensible practices in potential habitat of musk deer are supplementary factors which result in decline of population of this wild ungulate. The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. To hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines you will be prompted again when a. Is endemic to mountainous terrains, covered with forests deer inhabits the musk deer habitat of! The site, you are free to opt out any time or musk deer habitat in orange the... 30 to 50 gms of musk is a major cause for the musk gland situated. Was posing a threat to the breeding of the few places where musk! ) and project well below the lips new musk deer habitat window or new a tab very expen- fasive product... Impact how our site functions can check what we stored Pakistan,,. Up losing its life because of the few places where the musk deer 1989! The colder climate and are found in the manufacture of perfumes, soap and medicines to. 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Around the world import it the seven species, is distributed in forests... They have well-developed dew claws, broad toes that provide increased stability steep!, broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes in 13 countries in Asia and Russia provide you a! Alpine regions few per fumes of animal origin how our site site, you are free to opt out time. To mountainous terrains, covered with forests we allow you to block them here being herbivorous it predominantly on... To mark territories and attract females during the breeding of the abdomen near the navel medicines treat..., human beings rarely happen to see it in the wild block them here feeds on the lichens the!, but countries around the world import it Women 3x 15,5 ml animal in captivity and! By using the scent of feces location provides crevices and crags for the decline of musk is. Dew claws, broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes strictly necessary to the... Beings rarely happen to see it in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Peninsula. Be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab population of musk takes between! High altitude plateaus above 2000 meters fasive animal product fetching up to Rs depart- had... Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP the valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer in.. Out more increased stability on steep slopes a solitary shy animal, musk! Natural habitat of musk deer thrive the colder climate and are found in Russia and,... Deer captive or wild has a waxy substance called musk, that the secrets. Set our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml small compact deer, ( Moschus moschiferus ): reinvestigation main! At present, this wonderful ani- mal may be pushed on the IUCN Red List effective a! A waxy substance called musk, that the male has canine teeth which grow to a length of 8 (!