[10], Skulls of African bush elephant (left) and African forest elephant (right), Skull of a male African bush elephant on display at the Museum of Osteology, Oklahoma City, Skeleton of a female African bush elephant on display at the Museum of Osteology, Oklahoma City, The African bush elephant has grey skin with scanty hairs. Both are social herbivores with grey skin, but differ in the size and color of their tusks and in the shape and size of their ears and skulls. [49] [8][9][2] Morphological and genetic analyses provided evidence for species-level differences between the African bush elephant and the African forest elephant. Unfortunately, the species is placed in harm's way due to the limited conservation areas provided in Africa. [74], In 2019, the export of wild African elephants to zoos around the world was banned, with an exception added by the EU to allow export in "exceptional cases where … it is considered that a transfer to ex-situ locations will provide demonstrable in-situ conservation benefits for African elephants". [47][49], African elephants are at their most fertile between the ages of 25 and 45. [20], Sequence analysis of DNA from fossils of the extinct Eurasian Palaeoloxodon antiquus shows it to be much closer related to the African forest elephant than to the African bush elephant. [29] It is the third largest terrestrial animal. The tusks erupt when elephants are 1–3 years old and grow throughout life. In the western African Kingdom of Dahomey (now part of Benin) the elephant was associated with the 19th century rulers of the Fon people, Guezo and his son Glele. This trend was curtailed by raising penalties for poaching and improving law enforcement. They do not mate at a specific time; however, they are less likely to reproduce in times of drought than when water is plentiful. One cow seemed to assist her. [38] Urinary testosterone increases during musth. The African elephant (Loxodonta) is a genus comprising two living elephant species, the African bush elephant (L. africana) and the smaller African forest elephant (L. cyclotis). [64] African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana) African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) African elephants typically live in herds of 3 to 25 elephants. There are two subspecies of African elephants—the Savanna (or bush) elephant and the Forest elephant. NB: Some of the names come from Clive Walker’s book “ Signs of the Wild.”This compact field guide to the identification of Southern African mammals based on their spoor, droppings and skulls has been accepted as the standard work on the subject. [55] Its generation length is 25 years. Within five years, more than 3,200 elephants were killed. Thereafter, they start feeding independently and slowly increase the time spent feeding until they are two years old. However, genetic research has found that subspecies exist in both groups and the scientific, or taxonomic, name is therefore not so simple to discern. In most cases, the killings of the African bush elephant have occurred near the outskirts of the protected areas. The last major populations are present in Gabon and the Republic of Congo. [5] Anonymous was recognized as authority by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature in 1999. This unusual behavior was attributed to their young age and inadequate socialisation; they were 17–25-year-old orphans from culled families that grew up without the guidance of dominant bulls. During the first three years, male calves spend more time suckling and grow faster than female calves. The Savannah elephant is the larger and darker than the bush elephant. [54], The maximum lifespan of the African bush elephant is between 70 and 75 years. Foetal gonads enlarge during the second half of pregnancy. [37], The bulls were believed to be solitary animals, becoming independent once reaching maturity. This highly sensitive organ is innervated primarily by the trigeminal nerve, and thought to be manipulated by about 40,000–60,000 muscles. [6] In 1936, Glover Morrill Allen considered this elephant to be a distinct species and called it 'forest elephant';[7] later authors considered it to be a subspecies. [78], The African bush elephants has been listed on Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora since 1989. They grow to a size of 8.5 cm (3.3 in) wide by 22 cm (8.7 in) long and are worn by the age of 45–48 years. Each family unit is led by an older cow known as the matriarch. [13] The African bush elephant's ears are pointed and triangular shaped. The African savanna, or bush, elephant (Loxodonta africana) weighs up to 8,000 kg (9 tons) and stands 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 feet) at the shoulder. She kept standing while giving birth. Its large ears cover the whole shoulder,[11] and can grow as large as 2 m × 1.5 m (6.6 ft × 4.9 ft). Females are kept with other females, in groups, while males tend to be separated from their mothers at a young age, and are kept apart. [24] Fermentation of the food takes place in the hindgut, thus enabling large food intakes. The African bush elephant is the largest land mammal in the world and the largest of the three elephant species. [80], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. [30], African elephants are distributed in Sub-Saharan Africa, where they inhabit Sahelian scrubland and arid regions, tropical rainforests, mopane and miombo woodlands. To get home a baby elephant may or may not be an easy task, but to name them certainly can be a difficult job. They range alone for some time or form all-male groups. Common Name African Bush Elephant Number Of Species 1 Location central and southern Africa Slogan Can drink up to 50 gallons a day Group Mammal. The database includes results from aerial surveys, dung counts, interviews with local people and data on poaching. Secret - Girl Name " The 9 months "secret" is revealed".. Siahbonu – Boy or Girl "You didn’t do it to me" The ears also contain many blood vessels that help r… They attacked and fed on elephants when smaller prey species were scarce. [76][77] It is also praised for its size, longevity, stamina, mental faculties, cooperative spirit, and loyalty. The name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of their molar teeth. Genetic analysis of tusk samples showed that they originated from African bush elephants killed in Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Kenya and Uganda. An anonymous author used the Latinized spelling Loxodonta in 1827. They guard and mate with females in estrus who stay closer to bulls in musth than to non-musth bulls. [22] Elephants have four molars; each weighs about 5 kg (11 lb) and measures about 30 cm (12 in) long. Its diet consists mainly of grasses, creepers and herbs. [45] The second molars start protruding at the age of about six months, grow to a size of 4 cm (1.6 in) wide by 7 cm (2.8 in) long and are lost by the age of 6–7 years. "Age, musth, and paternity success in wild male African elephants, "The exploitation of elephants for the ivory trade: an historical perspective", "How many elephants are killed for the ivory trade? Adults reach up to 24 feet in length and 13 feet in height and weigh up to 11 tons. Most of the ivory was smuggled through East African countries. Male reproductive success is maximal in mid-adulthood and then begins to decline. Interval between births was estimated at 3.9 to 4.7 years in Hwange National Park. Gene flow between the two species however, might have occurred after the split. [31] Human encroachment into natural areas where bush elephants occur or their increasing presence in adjacent areas has spurred research into methods of safely driving groups of elephants away from humans. [81] The elephant is symbolically important to the nation of Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire); the Coat of arms of Ivory Coast features an elephant head escutcheon as its focal point. [79], In 1996, IUCN Red List assessors for the African bush elephant considered the species Endangered. [2] It is a social mammal, traveling in herds composed of cows and their offspring. Twenty-two long observations showed that age and musth are extremely important factors; "… older males had markedly elevated paternity success compared with younger males, suggesting the possibility of sexual selection for longevity in this species." Between the late 18th and 20th centuries, the following extinct African elephants were described on the basis of fossil remains: Analysis of nuclear DNA sequences indicates that the genetic divergence between African bush and forest elephants dates 2.6 – 5.6 million years ago. [63], These killings were linked to confiscations of ivory and increased prices for ivory on the local black market. African elephants show sexual dimorphism in weight and shoulder height by age 20, due to the rapid early growth of males. [a] The animal is believed to evoke strength, royal legacy, and enduring memory as related by the proverbs: "There where the elephant passes in the forest, one knows" and "The animal steps on the ground, but the elephant steps down with strength. After the ban came into force in 1990, retail sales of ivory carvings in South Africa have plummeted by more than 95% within 10 years. Previously, export had been allowed in Southern Africa with Zimbabwe capturing and exporting more than 100 baby elephants to Chinese zoos since 2012. Their thickset bodies rest on stocky legs. [59] African bush elephants are the larger of the two and their tusks curve out, while their forest-dwelling cousins are darker and have tusks that are straighter and that point downward. Enjoy this list of strong names.. The Natural History of the African Elephant. [2], Poachers target foremost elephant bulls for their tusks, which leads to a skewed sex ratio and affects the survival chances of a population. [45] All point to a highly intelligent species that is thought to be equal with cetaceans[46][47][48] and primates. The longest known tusk of an African bush elephant measured 3.51 m (11.5 ft) and weighed 117 kg (258 lb). [68][69][70][71], Vast areas in Sub-Saharan Africa were transformed for agricultural use and building of infrastructure. [46] They are in estrus for 2–6 days. This name refers to the lozenge-shaped enamel of the molar teeth, which differs significantly from the rounded shape of the Asian elephant's molar enamel. Between 1976 and 1980, about 830 t (820 long tons; 910 short tons) raw ivory was exported from Africa to Hong Kong and Japan, equivalent to tusks of about 222,000 African elephants. Adults can consume up to 150 kg (330 lb) per day. [2], In addition to being poached, the carcasses of elephants may get poisoned by the poachers, to avoid detection by vultures which help rangers track poaching activity by circling around dead animals, and pose a threat to those vultures or birds that scavenge on them. [53] Females choose to a point who they mate with, since they are the ones who try to get males to compete to guard them. 2,000 to 6,100 kilograms (about 2 to 7 tons) Size. [9] The African bush elephant population in Chad's Zakouma National Park numbered 3,900 individuals in 2005. Cows are 2.2–2.6 m (7.2–8.5 ft) tall at the shoulder and weigh 2,160–3,232 kg (4,762–7,125 lb), while bulls are 3.2–4 m (10–13 ft) tall and weigh 4,700–6,048 kg (10,362–13,334 lb). Large corporations associated with commercial logging and mining have stripped apart the land, giving poachers easy access to the African bush elephant. Short tactile hair grows on the trunk, which has two finger-like processes on the tip. They grow to a size of 9.4 cm (3.7 in) wide by 31 cm (1.0 ft) long and are well worn by the age of 65 years. In the 1970s and 1980s, the price for ivory rose, and poaching for ivory increased in particular in Central African range countries where access to elephant habitats was facilitated by logging and petroleum mining industries. [62] Most were killed at night, and hunts occurred more often during waning moon nights than during bright moon nights. [28] [57] Generally speaking, elephants are broadly classified as either Loxodonta africana, if African, or Elephas maximus, if Asian. Guezo and Glele ruled from 1818 to 1858 and from 1858 to 1889, respectively, Vira, Varun and Ewing, Thomas (April 2014), International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, West African Elephant Memorandum of Understanding, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, "Analytical Notices of Books. The fourth molars show by the age of 6–7 years, grow to a size of 6.8 cm (2.7 in) wide by 17.5 cm (6.9 in) long and are lost by the age of 22–23 years. Loxodonte was proposed as generic name for African elephants by Georges Cuvier in 1825. This disturbance leaves the elephants without a stable habitat and limits their ability to roam freely. Successful hunts took place after dark when prides exceeded 27 lions and herds were smaller than five elephants. Since 2004, it has been assessed Vulnerable, as the global population was estimated to be increasing at a rate of 4% per year. The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savanna elephant, is the largest living terrestrial animal, with bulls reaching a shoulder height of up to 3.96 m (13.0 ft) and a body mass of up to 10.4 t (11.5 short tons).. They begin to dribble urine, initially as discrete drops and later in a regular stream. According to Rowland Ward’s records, the heaviest tusk of an African elephant weighed an astonishing 226lb (102.5kg), the heaviest tusk of a woolly mammoth weighed 201lb (91.2kg) and the heaviest tusk of an Asiatic elephant weighed 161lb (73kg). [47] In 1987, it was estimated that the African elephant population had declined to 760,000 individuals. Loxodonta ( genus) The African elephant belongs to the genus Loxodonta and it comprises two extant species:-. [40] Bulls in musth often chase each other and are aggressive towards other bulls in musth. [59], In June 2002, a container packed with more than 6.5 t (6.4 long tons; 7.2 short tons) ivory was confiscated in Singapore. As a result, human-elephant conflict has increased. New research suggests that bulls maintain ecological knowledge for the herd, facilitating survival when searching for food and water, which also benefits the young bulls who associate with them. [60] Please find below many ways to say elephant in different languages. So did South Africa in 2000. [42][43] Similar incidents were recorded in Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, where young bulls killed five black and 58 white rhinoceros between 1991 and 2001. "[68] In response Chinese consumers moved to purchasing their ivory through markets in Laos, leading conservation groups to request pressure be put on Laos to end the trade. In 1989, only 608,000 African elephants were estimated to have survived. [75], Many African cultures revere the African Elephant as a symbol of strength and power. Well organized networks facilitated smuggling the ivory through Sudan. Louisville Zoo Baby Elephant Names. The African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis), which lives in rainforests, was recognized as a separate species in 2000 and is smaller than the savanna elephant. [61] The carrying capacity of remaining suitable habitats was estimated at 8,985,000 elephants at most by 1987. Musth occurs mainly during and following the rainy season, and when females are in estrus. [41], Young bulls in musth killed about 50 white rhinoceros in Pilanesberg National Park between 1992 and 1997. The zoo also has an elephant exhibit, so we’ve recommended a name you can take inspiration from. According to Schulte, in the 1990s, in North America, a few facilities allowed male interaction. Males usually stay with a female and her herd for about a month before moving on in search of another mate. [26][27] Groups cooperate in locating food and water, in self-defense, and in caring for offspring (termed allomothering). Decrease of suitable habitat was the major cause for the decline of elephant populations until the 1950s. Males over the age of 25 compete strongly for females in estrus, and are more successful the larger and more aggressive they are. [33] This highly sensitive organ is innervated primarily by the trigeminal nerve, and thought to be manipulated by about 40,000–60,000 muscles. The strong do not need clubs.—Senegal . The elephant was known for its extremely devout behaviour. They use it for smelling, touching, feeding, drinking, dusting, sound production, loading, defending and attacking. About 10,370 tusks were confiscated in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Kenya and Uganda between 2007 and 2013. [22] Elephants sometimes swim underwater and use their trunks as snorkels. [51] The elephants collapsed when the toxin impaired their motor functions and their legs became paralysed. More Afrikaans words for elephant. In 1997, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe placed it on Appendix II. Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, et F. Cuvier. [24], The African bush elephant occurs in Sub-Saharan Africa including Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Zambia, and Angola. [78] The animal's religious importance is mostly totemic. [40], African elephants are highly intelligent. [66], During the 20th century, the African bush elephant population was severely decimated. Ceballos, G.; Ehrlich, A. H.; Ehrlich, P. R. (2015). Wild cat. They are curved forward and continue to grow throughout the elephant's lifetime. However, females are not guarded in the early and late stages of estrus, which may permit mating by younger males not in musth. An elephant with tusks reaching the ground is typically defined as a big tusker. [33], When separate family units bond, they form kinship or bond groups. Its sturdy tusks are curved out and point forward. [25], The African bush elephant is the largest terrestrial animal. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals provided financial support for four years to implement the West African Elephant Conservation Strategy, which forms the central component of this intergovernmental treaty. African is well Known for its efforts to protect and conserve wildlife. Male African elephants can reach 14,000 pounds and 13 feet in height. Dig into and choose from MomJunction’s treasure of 70,000+ baby names that are divided based on meaning, religion, origin, English alphabet, and gender. [56] Most observed matings are by males in musth over 35 years of age. [20] The first molars grow to a size of 2 cm (0.79 in) wide by 4 cm (1.6 in) long, are worn by the age of one year and lost by the age of about 2.5 years. [32] Elephants in Babille Elephant Sanctuary consume leaves and fruit of cherimoya, papaya, banana, guava and leaves, stems and seeds of maize, sorghum and sugarcane. In Mali and Namibia, it also inhabits desert areas. African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)", "Elephant: The Animal and Its Ivory in African Culture", "Elephant Figure | Fon peoples | The Met", "Elephant caves" of Mt Elgon National Park, EIA 25 yrs investigating the ivory trade, reports etc, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_elephant&oldid=999126252, National symbols of the Central African Republic, National symbols of the Republic of the Congo, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from ARKive, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 16:39. The trunk is a prehensile elongation of its upper lip and nose. South Africa uses elephant tusks in their coat of arms to represent wisdom, strength, moderation and eternity. They live on plains and in mountains up to about 15,000 feet (5,000 m). Once they choose their mating partners, they stay away from other bulls that are threatened and chased away by the favoured bull. Tusks are composed of dentin, which forms small diamond-shaped structures in the tusk's center that become larger at its periphery. [39] The large size and hindgut of the African elephant also allows for digestion of various plant parts, including fibrous stems, bark and roots. This is the translation of the word "elephant" to over 100 other languages. With a mass of just over 5 kg (11 lb), the elephant brain is larger than that of any other terrestrial animal. "Living African elephants belong to two species: "Genetic Evidence for Two Species of Elephant in Africa", "Proboscidean Mitogenomics: Chronology and Mode of Elephant Evolution Using Mastodon as Outgroup", "Genomic DNA sequences from mastodon and woolly mammoth reveal deep speciation of forest and savanna elephants", "Reconciling Apparent Conflicts between Mitochondrial and Nuclear Phylogenies in African Elephants", "The Ears as a Race-Character in the African Elephant", "Four new species of Elephantidae from the Plio-Pleistocene of northwestern Kenya", "Cytonuclear genomic dissociation in African elephant species", "Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution", "General information on elephants with emphasis on tusks", "Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans", "Forest elephant videos, photos and facts – Loxodonta cyclotis", "Secrets of male elephant society revealed in the wild", "The maximum attainable body size of herbivorous mammals: morphophysiological constraints on foregut, and adaptations of hindgut fermenters", "Selective feeding by a megaherbivore, the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )", "Phylogenomic analyses reveal convergent patterns of adaptive evolution in elephant and human ancestries", "Elephants know when they need assistance in a cooperative task", "In Africa, Decoding the 'Language' of Elephants", "Elephants Outwit Humans During Intelligence Test". 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