While it may be mostly Pagans who celebrate the Yule holiday today, nearly all cultures and faiths have held some sort of winter solstice celebration or festival. [43] Following the collapse of the Paris Commune, German Chancellor Bismarck out of fear of the growing strength of the socialists in Germany had parliament pass the Anti-Socialist laws to suppress the activities of the Social Democratic Party. [38][39] The origin of the rose as a symbol of socialism relates to its association with the color red. Aphrodite named the flower Rose, dedicating it to her son, Eros, the god of love. [3] In the 1400s and 1500s, the Carthusians promoted the idea of sacred mysteries associated with the rose symbol and rose gardens. Zeus daughters, the hours (seasons) and the graces (charities), make everything "glow with roses" and scatter the blossoms about the land. But in the absence of roses, any kind of red flowers, like red jasmine, please the goddess greatly. As she is a symbol of fertility and marital bliss, she must never be offered white flowers.