It shows that even after several hundred thousand years of separation, the two species were inter-fertile. 20 reference to an unexplained link between two events. That may account for differences in the shape of the skull and the rib cage between the two species. the arrival of Homo sapiens in a region was always quickly followed by the disappearance of Neanderthals. 2. These genes therefore look like good places to start the search for modern humanity’s essence. It is strange, though, that no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA has turned up in modern humans, since the usual pattern of invasion in historical times was for the invaders’ males to mate with the invaded’s females. Yet, the neanderthals still went extinct. Previous genetic analysis, which had only examined DNA passed from mother to child in cellular structures called mitochondria, had suggested no, no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA has turned up in modern humans, since the usual pattern of invasion in historical times was for the invaders’ males to mate with the invaded’s females. And the extinction of Neanderthals is one of the great mysteries in science. DNA evidence … Which paragraph contains the following information? When scientists discovered a few years ago that modern humans shared swaths of DNA with long-extinct Neanderthals, their best explanation was that at … Read More. Thanks for dropping by IELTS Material blog and we sincerely hope you soon feel at home here with us and get the IELTS score you need and deserve! Academic IELTS Reading Sample 316 - Neanderthals and modern humans Details Last Updated: Sunday, 10 September 2017 15:02 Written by IELTS Mentor Hits: 26049 . D Dr Paabo and his colleagues compared their Neanderthal genome (painstakingly reconstructed from three bone samples collected from a cave in Croatia) with that of five living humans from various parts of Africa and Eurasia. Neanderthals and modern humans are two closely related species. The Neanderthals wee of the same speies as the so-called modern humans, because two animals are of a single species if they can reproduce with fertile offspring, and Neanderthals and the moderns did that, as is evidenced by the fact that Neanderthal DNA has remained in the species since then. The potential for this line of research to shed light on the nature of modern humans was further strengthened when analysis of a 13 led to the discovery of a new human species. But an examination of the 20 largest regions of DNA that have evolved in this way shows that they include several genes which are associated with cognitive ability, and whose malfunction causes serious mental problems. All rights reserved. Match each feature with the correct species. Some modern human genetic material was passed into the the Neanderthal … They lived with modern humans for several millennia and became extinct. Your email address will not be published. Question: Do blue eyes come from Neanderthals? Both species buried the dead, used fire, hunted meat, and made tools. Modern man (homo sapiens) and neanderthal man (homo neanderthalensis) are closely related. One piece of self-knowledge, then - at least for non-Africans - is that they have a dash of Neanderthal in them. Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Neanderthals and modern humans. It seems that the expansion of our ancient human ancestors … For others it was the arid … Which paragraph contains the following information? Shivam. Write the correct letter, A-G. 19 an account of the rejection of a theory. Fast … Thank you! For reasons which are as yet unknown, the arrival of Homo sapiens in a region was always quickly followed by the disappearance of Neanderthals. 737-741. When was your last level of education completed? Neanderthals and modern humans met and interbred some time between 370,000 and 100,000 years ago. What is your highest level of completed education? Neanderthals may not have used their brains they way modern humans do as their brains were shaped differently - modern human brains have expanded parietal and cerebellar regions. Look at the following characteristics (Questions 14-18) and the list of species below. “species. G The newly evolved regions of DNA also include a gene called RUNX2, which controls bone growth. We view them as the fully human ancestors of some modern humans, probably some Europeans and western Asians. No. Dr Paabo has identified 212 parts of the genome that seem to have undergone significant evolution since the species split. Towards the end of this period it shared its range with interlopers in the form of Homo sapiens [2], who were spreading out from Africa. They also had weak chins and prominent brow ridges. You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14- 26, which are based on Passage 316 below. F More than 90 percent of the ‘human accelerated regions’ [3] that have been identified in modem people are found in Neanderthals too. They both belong to the genus homo, and the time periods in which the two species lived overlap. 21 the identification of a skill-related gene common to both Neanderthals and modern humans. In fact, their origin dates back to the ice age. 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Exactly why the Neanderthals died out 40,000 years ago is still debated, but evolutionary biologist Nicholas Longrich looks at the evidence for a war between them and modern humans. A The evolutionary processes that have made modern humans so different from other animals are hard to determine without an ability to examine human species that have not achieved similar things. 1 ABC Once lived in Europe and Asia.Answer: C, 3 ABC Did not survive long after the arrival of immigrants.Answer: A, 4 ABC Interbred with another species.Answer: C, 5 ABC Appears not to have passed on mitochondrial DNAto another species.Answer: A, C both Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. Neanderthals and Modern Humans – IELTS Reading Answers. A close relative of modern humans, Neanderthals went extinct 40,000 years ago The Neanderthals were a close human ancestor that mysteriously died out around 40,000 years ago. By contrast an earlier phase of the study had already shown that Neanderthals and moderns share the same version of a gene called FOXP2, which is involved in the ability to speak, and which differs in chimpanzees. that have been identified in modem people are found in Neanderthals too. Often, yes they are considered as different species, neanderthals being called Homo neanderthalis and modern humans are being called Homo sapiens. Your email address will not be published. Another of his teams has revealed the existence of a hitherto unsuspected species of human, using mitochondrial DNA found in a little-finger bone. Word/Term Explanation: “ modern humans ” is another name for “ Homo sapiens ”. Previous genetic analysis, which had only examined DNA passed from mother to child in cellular structures called mitochondria, had suggested no interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans. (a) Sima de los Huesos, (b) Teshik Tash, (c) La Chapelle, (d) Shanidar. Neanderthals had been living in Eurasia for more than 300 millennia when some human ancestors left Africa some 60,000–70,000 years ago, and according to the 2010 publication, in which researchers compared the Neanderthal draft genome with modern human sequences, about 2 percent of the DNA in the genomes of modern-day people with Eurasian ancestry is Neanderthal in origin. Modern human children acquire languages which naturally contain syllables. Other studies have quantified how shapes in thumb bones vary in Neanderthals and modern humans, as well as other fossil human relatives. It is strange, though, that no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA has turned up in modern humans, since the usual pattern of invasion in historical times was for the invaders’ males to mate with the invaded’s females. Neanderthals and Modern Humans – IELTS Reading Answers Neanderthals and Modern Humans – IELTS Reading Answers. November 25, 2020. Genetic analysis resulted in several new findings. Neanderthals were not only fully human but evidently were very skilled people coping with the harsh world of the post-Flood Ice Age. Modern humans and Neanderthals could be forgiven for having other issues on their minds when they interbred in the stone age. why Neanderthals cease to exist after modern humans arrived in Europe, many researchers hypothesis that either climactic changes or competition with modern humans was the cause. Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G. Some research indicates that Neanderthals were unable to cope with the sheer number of modern humans on the landscape. It is strange, though, that no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA has turned up in modern humans, since the usual pattern of invasion in historical times was for the invaders’ males to mate with the invaded’s females. E That is intriguing. Based on Scripture, creationists consider Neanderthals to have been fully human, descendants of Adam and Eve (through Noah), and therefore they would have lived in the same time and place as other humans. From these pages I hope you can maximize your IELTS The potential for this line of research to shed light on the nature of modern humans was further strengthened when analysis of a 13 led to the discovery of a new human species.Answer: little-finger bone. 1 Neanderthals and Modern Humans; 2 Answers. Science, Volume 343, pp. By comparing modem humans, Neanderthals, … There are a number of differences between Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens (Modern Humans) that include a number of physical differences too. By comparing the DNA in the cell nucleus of Africans (whose ancestors could not have crossbred with Neanderthals, since they did not overlap with them) and various Eurasians (whose ancestors could have crossbred with Neanderthals), Dr Paabo has shown that Eurasians are between one percent and four percent Neanderthal. It is all, then, very promising - and a second coup in quick succession for Dr Paabo. The Neanderthals were species or subspecies of humans commonly referred to as “cave men” due to the fact that they lived in a colder climate and took shelter in caves in Eurasia, Western Europe, and Central, Northern and Western Asia, where bone fragments and stone tools have been found. But it’s also possible, Akey proposes, that an even earlier group of modern humans left Africa 200,000 years ago and mated with Neanderthals when they got to … The new, more extensive examination, which looks at DNA in the cell nucleus rather than in the mitochondria, shows this conclusion is wrong. 1. The Neandertals are not mysterious, but rather incredibly intriguing. But Dr Paabo’s work also illuminates the differences between the species. One piece of self-knowledge, then - at least for non-Africans - is that they have a dash of Neanderthal in them. By comparing modem humans, Neanderthals, and chimpanzees, it is possible to distinguish genetic changes which are shared by several species of human in their evolution away from the great-ape lineage, from those which are unique to Homo sapiens. You should spend 20 minutes on questions 1-13 based on the given reading passage. There are two basic hypothesis to explain the extinction o… Dr Paabo has identified 212 parts of the genome that seem to have undergone significant evolution since the species split. However, some authors prefer to call neanderthals Homo sapiens neanderthalis and modern humans Homo sapiens sapiens, putting both lineages in the same species … But Dr Paabo’s work also illuminates the differences between the species. Neanderthals originated before modern humans. Neanderthals are an extinct species of hominids that were the closest relatives to modern human beings. Secondly, genes which evolved after modern humans split from Neanderthals are connected with cognitive ability and skeletal 12 Answer: growth. That history turns out to be more intertwined than many had previously believed. Required fields are marked *, IELTS continually working to ease the experience for the test takers, there are modes of writing the exam, paper-based and computer-based. Buy our: Neanderthals and Modern Humans – IELTS Reading Answers, Homo neanderthalensis, lived, Europe, Asia, 400,000 years ago, 30,000 years ago, end of this period, shared, with, Homo sapiens, arrival, Homo sapiens, quickly followed by the disappearance of Neanderthals, no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA,  turned up in modern humans, new, more extensive examination, shows this conclusion is wrong, Neanderthals and moderns share, same version, gene, FOXP2, involved, ability to speak, However, Svante Paabo, Max Planck Institute, made, comparison possible, strange, no Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA, in modern humans, usual pattern of invasion invaders’ males, mate with the invaded’s females, using mitochondrial DNA, little-finger bone, Striking Back at Lightning with Lasers Reading Answers, Dyes and Pigments - IELTS Reading Answers. Match each feature with the correct species, A, B or C. NB You may use any letter more than once. However, the rest are not. 1 IELTS Material Team. Did not survive long after the arrival of immigrants. In 2009, at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, they made public an analysis of the genome [1] of Neanderthal man. B Homo neanderthalensis, to give its proper name, lived in Europe and parts of Asia from 400,000 years ago to 30,000 years ago. Small genetic traces of Neanderthals have recently been found in modern-day Humans which means a few of them were capable of and did interbreed with humans in the past. Neanderthals Fully Human. Prepare with the #1 ranked IELTS platform. The Phenotypic Legacy of Admixture Between Modern Humans and Neandertals. If early language didn't have syllables, then the children acquiring … The answers to questions 1-13 are given below along with their explanations. The state of genome science is still quite primitive, and it is often unclear what any given bit of DNA is actually doing. Answer: Blue eyes do not come from Neanderthals, and current data shows that Neanderthals had a variety of skin tones and had different eye colors (including brown). Contents. Answer: inter­ breeding. Looking for free study abroad counselling? Once much of Eurasia was dominated by Neanderthals, our archaic human ancestors. Chapter 15: Later Homo and Modern Human Origins Reading Questions 1. One piece of self-knowledge, then - at least for non-Africans - is that they have a dash of Neanderthal in them. If that species, too, could have its full genome read, humanity’s ability to know itself would be enhanced even further. Neanderthals and moderns share the same version of a gene called FOXP2, which is involved in the ability to speak, parts of the human brain which evolved very rapidly, Look at the following characteristics (Questions. Answers … Copyright 2020-2021 IELTS Material. However, in a scientific masterpiece, Svante Paabo and his colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, in Leipzig, have made such a comparison possible. But an examination of the 20 largest regions of DNA that have evolved in this way shows that they include several genes which are associated with cognitive ability, and whose malfunction causes serious mental problems. Long answer. A The evolutionary processes that have made modern humans so different from other animals are hard to … Please descibe the mistake as details as possible along with your expected correction, leave your email so we can contact with you when needed. Appears not to have passed on mitochondrial DNAto another species. 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